Angielski O. Ivashko

is the total amount spent in a country by consumers, companies, and the government.

Total of all goods and services (including exports and imports) supplied at every price level, within a national economy during a given period. Also called total output.

The difference between what a country pays for its imports and receives for its exports.

is the application of mathematical and statistical models to economic theories and problems.

adjective meaning of or relating to an economy or economics.

An entire network of producers, distributors, and consumers of goods and services in a local, regional, or national community.

To save money, to reduce expenses, to reduce an amount normally used.

Is a state of balance, for example, when supply meets demand.

Means coming from or controlled from without.

are costs imposed on others without their receiving compensation, or benefits received by others without their paying the proper costs.

are resources used by firms in their production processes, namely land and the natural resources in it, labour, capital, and information.

Adjective meaning related to public (i.e. government) finances (taxation, expenditure, etc.)

To change constantly, to show irregular variation.

An economic system in which private businesses compete with each other to sell goods and services in order to make a profit, and in which government control is limited to protecting the public and running the economy

Is the total wealth earned or created in a country in a year.

something such as energy, money, or information that is put into a system, organization, or machine so that it can operate.

A system of controlling a country's economy by limiting how much money is in use at a particular time

The practice of restricting imports in order to increase the sales of domestic products.

A shortage of something

money owed, debts or pecuniary obligations (opposed to assets)

a relationship in which two or more organizations work together as partners.

a type of enterprise that is owned and run by one natural person and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business entity

all that is considered useful or helps a person or organization to be successful.

The entries on a balance sheet showing all properties, both tangible and intangible, and claims against others that may be applied to cover the liabilities of a person or business.

a person who sells directly to the consumer.

a person concerned with the maintenance and audit of business accounts and the preparation of consultant reports in tax and finance.

reduce the recorded value of an asset, either by estimate or as a plan.

cancel from the accounts as a loss.

A means of improving appearances or creating a falsely favorable impression.

good understanding of somebody and ability to communicate well with them

a gradual increase in an amount of money

delaying something until a later time

the income that a business or company receives regularly

e.g. The report is comprehensible, concise and to the point.

a balance sheet account that represents the value of all assets that can reasonably expect to be converted into cash within one year.

economic resources owned by a business, which cannot be easily liquidated (converted into cash).

the long term resources of an entity, but have no physical existence.

an accounting method of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.

the process of allocating the cost of an intangible asset over a period of time.

an elimination of an item from the books of account.

a company's debts or obligations that are due within one year.

when the company spends more money than it has in its bank accounts.

are anything that can quickly be turned into cash.

are those which will be consumed or turned into cash in the ordinary course of business.

such as land, buildings and machines, cannot be sold or turned into cash, as they are required for making and selling the firm's products.

a condition in which the debtor's assets are not sufficient to meet all liabilities.

this is the ability of a company to pay its current liabilities.

is an instrument of hedging an entity against its future liabilities whose maturity or amount is uncertain.

value of goods (services) without tax,

the entity that supplies goods and services.

Equality of totals in the debit and credit sides of an account.

The condition by which shareholders are legally responsible for the debts of a company only to the extent of the nominal value of their shares.

An expression of doubt qualifying overall approval of a plan or statement

The activity or occupation of keeping records of the financial affairs of a business.

incurred in the upkeep or running of a plant, premises, or business and not attributable to individual products or items.

the practices of a bookmaker who makes a business of accepting the bets of others on the outcome of sports contests, especially of horse races.

Abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc.)

The amount of money taken by a business in a particular period.

Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing.

To pass or proceed in large numbers or quantity.

The part of a country's economic activity that is unrecorded and untaxed by its government.

the amount of money a company has earned

An amount of money spent.

Denoting a system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another

A reduction in the value of an asset over time, due in particular to wear and tear.

a company in control of and protecting a smaller company

value of the ownership interest in a company

A company controlled by a holding company.