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spørsmålet		svaret
Biodiversity begynn å lære		Diversity of life; the number, variety, and variation of genes, species and ecosystems on Earth.
Organism begynn å lære		An individual life form
Species begynn å lære		A group of individuals belonging to the same lowest taxonomic unit, capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring
Ecosystem begynn å lære		Communities of organisms interacting with their physical and biological environment
Habitat begynn å lære		A specific location with a particular set of biotic and abiotic conditions; where an organism generally lives
Species diversity begynn å lære		A measure of the number and abundance of species in a community
Adaptation begynn å lære		A feature of an organism that enhances its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Abiotic factors begynn å lære		Non-living physical factors that influence organisms and ecosystems
Biotic factors begynn å lære		The living components in the environment that influence organisms and ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity begynn å lære		A measure of the variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes within a geographical location
Species richness begynn å lære		A measure of the numbers of species present and the evenness of species in relation to one another
Species evenness begynn å lære		The difference in the distribution of the total abundance between the species in a community
Community begynn å lære		All the species that occupy a particular place at a given time
Percentage cover begynn å lære		The percentage of a sample area covered by a target species
Percentage frequency begynn å lære		A measure of how often a species occurs in samples
Quadrat begynn å lære		A square frame used to isolate a standard unit of area so the distribution of a plant or animal can be studied
Population begynn å lære		The number of individuals of a species living in a particular place at a particular time
Relative Abundance begynn å lære		A measure of how common or rare a species is in relation to other species within a community
Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) begynn å lære		A measure of diversity that takes into account both species richness and evenness (0 to 1 - closer to 1 means more diverse)
Predator begynn å lære		An organism that hunts, kills and eats another organism
Prey begynn å lære		An organism hunted and killed by a predator
Intraspecific competition begynn å lære		Competition between two or more individuals of the same species for resources
Interspecific competition begynn å lære		Competition between two or more individuals of different species for resources
Competition begynn å lære		Rivalry between individuals, of the same or different species, for a limited resource
Symbiosis begynn å lære		A relationship in which two organisms live in close association over a long period of time
Symbiont begynn å lære		An organism living in a symbiotic relationship with another organism
Disease begynn å lære		A condition that negatively affects the function of an individual that isn't caused directly by injury
Population density begynn å lære		A measure of the number of individuals living in a determined unit of area
Mortality begynn å lære		The ratio of total deaths to the total population of a species
Tolerance range begynn å lære		The range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Substrate begynn å lære		A surface on which an organism can grow
Distribution begynn å lære		Regions in which a species is found
Abundance begynn å lære		The number of individuals of a particular species in a specific area at a given time
Evenly spaced distribution begynn å lære		A type of distribution where individuals are more or less equally spaced throughout an area
Random distribution begynn å lære		A type of distribution where individuals are spaced randomly in no distinguishable pattern throughout an area
Clumped distribution begynn å lære		A type of distribution where individuals are found clustered in groups in particular parts of an area
Salinity begynn å lære		The dissolved salt content of water
Brackish begynn å lære		Slightly salty water; often found where seawater and freshwater mix
Osmosis begynn å lære		The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Asexual reproduction begynn å lære		The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction begynn å lære		The production of offspring that has genetic material from two parents
Cladistics begynn å lære		A method of grouping organisms that uses evolutionary lines of descent rather than structural similarities
Clade begynn å lære		A group of organisms that are believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
Linnaean classification begynn å lære		A hierarchical classification system based on physical characteristics
Hierarchical taxa begynn å lære		Groups of organisms classified into a taxon and arranged in order of rank
Clones begynn å lære		Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
r - strategists begynn å lære		A species that occupy unstable environments and uses the evolutionary strategy of maintaining high growth rates, occupying less-crowded ecological niches and producing many offspring
K - strategists begynn å lære		A species whose population fluctuates at or near the carrying capacity (K) or the environment in which it resides
Bioinformatics begynn å lære		Collection and analysis of DNA using computers
Molecular sequencing begynn å lære		The comparison of genetic information between organisms to determine evolutionary relatedness
Phylogenetic tree begynn å lære		A diagram that represents evolutionary relatedness between organisms
DNA sequencing begynn å lære		The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
Evolutionary Relatedness begynn å lære		How closely two species are related by a common ancestor; species sharing more recent common ancestors are more closely related than those with less recent common ancestors
Common ancestor begynn å lære		The most recent species from which two or more organisms are descended; an ancestor that two species have in common
Cladogram begynn å lære		A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relatedness of a number of species
DNA sequence begynn å lære		The order of nucleotide bases that make up a section of DNA
Mutation begynn å lære		A small permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Genome begynn å lære		The complete set of genetic information of an organism
Bifurcation begynn å lære		The division of a species into two species through divergent evolution
Hybrid begynn å lære		The offspring of parents of different species
Classification begynn å lære		The arrangement of living organisms or ecosystems into groups sharing similar characteristics
Climate begynn å lære		Long-term average weather patterns specific to a geographical area
Terrestrial begynn å lære		Relating to land, as opposed to aquatic (refers to water)
Stratified sampling begynn å lære		The division of the physical environment into smaller components for sampling
Zonation begynn å lære		The breaking of the biome into habitat zones
Transect begynn å lære		A measured length or strip of terrain in an environment along which individual organisms or environmental parameters are measured and recorded
Unbiased data begynn å lære		Data collected without influence or preference or prejudice of an external source
Error begynn å lære		The difference between an observed value and a true value results in the inaccuracy of results
Line intercept begynn å lære		A sampling technique used to estimate relative densities of a species by counting the number of individuals that lie on a straight line cutting through the community
Belt transect begynn å lære		An elongated area of known length and width through a particular environment in which specific community parameters are measured and recorded
Succession begynn å lære		The process of the diversity and populations of a community changing over time
Randomised Sampling begynn å lære		A method of selecting a sample from a total array in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected
Mitochondria begynn å lære		An organelle found in most living cells that facilitates energy production known as cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) begynn å lære		A biological molecule used by living cells for energy
Cellular respiration begynn å lære		A metabolic reaction occurring in most living cells that release energy for movement, growth and other biological functions
Energy transfer begynn å lære		The movement of energy from one object or system to another (a chimp pushes another chimp)
Energy transformation begynn å lære		The change from one form of energy into another (light into chemical energy)
Trophic level begynn å lære		A hierarchical level in an ecosystem containing organisms that have the same feeding function in the food chain
Autotroph begynn å lære		Also called a producer; an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical energy or light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis begynn å lære		Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton or plants
Food chain begynn å lære		A flowchart showing feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic begynn å lære		Relating to the consumption of food and nutrients
Consumer begynn å lære		An organism that cannot produce its own food so needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy
Food web begynn å lære		A flowchart showing complex feeding relationships between several interlinking food chains
Organic begynn å lære		Relating to living matter
Inorganic begynn å lære		Relating to molecules or structures that aren't part of a living organism
Carbon begynn å lære		An element essential for many structures and processes in living organisms
Nitrogen begynn å lære		An element required to produce many biological molecules, particularly in plants
Water begynn å lære		A molecule essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms
Metabolic reaction begynn å lære		A chemical reaction that helps to maintain the biological function of an organism
Carbon Sink begynn å lære		A large area of vegetation, water or another naturally forming environment able to absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide
Nitrogen Fixation begynn å lære		Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate by bacteria and cyanobacteria
Ecological niche begynn å lære		The role and position of a species in its environment; interactions of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
Fundamental niche begynn å lære		The range of environmental factors a species can occupy without consideration for population limiting factors
Realised niche begynn å lære		The part of a fundamental niche a species occupies due to population limiting factors
Competitive exclusion begynn å lære		The exclusion of a species from a community by another organism better adapted to that particular ecological niche
Keystone species begynn å lære		A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the community in which it lives
Interspecific relationship begynn å lære		A relationship or interaction between different species within a community
Carrying capacity begynn å lære		The number of individuals of a species able to be supported by its habitat
Population limiting factor begynn å lære		Any biotic/abiotic factor that limits the continued growth of a population of a species
Exponential growth begynn å lære		Reproductive rate is maintained and the population continues to grow limited by resources
Immigration begynn å lære		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species into a community
Emigration begynn å lære		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species out of a community
Population change formula begynn å lære		(Births (B) - deaths (D))+ (Immigration (I) - Emigration (E))
Lincoln Index begynn å lære		The Lincoln Index allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.
Primary succession begynn å lære		Development and change in plant communities over time, eventually leading from bare ground to a climax community
Secondary succession begynn å lære		Successive, natural changes in plant communities in an area where a previous community has been removed
Pioneer species begynn å lære		The first species to colonise an area during primary succession
Climax community begynn å lære		A more or less stable plant community
Pioneer community begynn å lære		A new community forming on a previously barren landscape, composed of pioneer species
Sere begynn å lære		An intermediate community observed during ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards climax community
Ecological disturbance begynn å lære		A temporary change in an ecosystem that causes a significant change in the behaviour, growth and survival of organisms
Symbiotic relationship begynn å lære		An evolved interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both of the individuals involved

Bio unit 3

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