intro to literature

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hermeneutics
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the teory and methodology of interpretation, especially of scriptural text
rhetoric
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the study of using language effectively and persuasively
philology
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the study of literature in general
textual criticism
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focuses on close reading and detailed analysis of a text
canon
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a group of literary works that are consider to be the most important of a particular time or place
content
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topics, ideas, statements that are said in a literary work
form
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framework of a literary work
theme
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the story's idea or point
motif
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reocurring object, concept or structure in a work of literature
setting
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time and place of a story
style
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the way author choses and arranges words
sound patterns
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alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia
alliteration
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repetition of identical initial sounds in neighbouring words or syllables
assonance
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repetition of similar wovels in neighbouring words or syllables
consonance
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repetition of similar consonants in neighbouring words or syllables
onomatopoeia + example
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words that imitate the sounds of objects or actions they refer to, knoc knock
imagery, image
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words that appeal to one or more of five senses
simile
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a comparison of two things, usually with 'like' or 'as'
metaphore
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describe the subject of asserting that it is, in some poin of comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object
tenor
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an underlaying idea or subject that is the meaning of a metaphor
vehicle
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illuminates tenor
implicit metaphor + example
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a ful subject is not explane but it is implied from the context of a sentence, we are drinking the white
dead metaphor + example
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has lost its original imagery due to the popular usage, a leg of a table
metonomy + example
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one word is substituted for another with which is closely associated, crown - royalty
synecdoche + example
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a term of a part of something is used to refer to a whole of something i vice versa, wheels - a vehicle
anaphora
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repetition of a word or phrase at the beggining of succesive clauses or verses
antithesis
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opposing or contrasting ideas
apostrophe
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addresing to inanimated object or place as if it was alive
ellipsis
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omission of a word or phrase that is necessary for a grammatical structure but not necessary fo understanding
hyperbole
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an exaggeration used for emphasis or effect
litotes + example
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consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite, she was not a little upset - she was extramely upset
parallelism + example
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The balance between two or more similar words, phrases or clauses, she likes music, movies and books
rhetorical question + example
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a question for which we don't expect an answer, to be or not to be?
zeugma + example
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one word or phrase is understood to be related to two or more other words or phrases while being grammaticlly consistent with only one of them, She opened her door and her heart to the orphan
lyric poetry
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expresses feelings
epic poetry
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tells a story
soliloquy + example
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a dramatic monologue that represents of unspoken reflections, to be or not to be
persona
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voice that is heard in a poem
elegy
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a song or a poem expressing sorrow or lamentation for someone who is dead, Elegy for N. N Czesław Miłosz
hymn
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a song or praise or joy
ode
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lyric poem usually of a serious matter or meditative nature, having elevated style and formal stanzaic structure
ballad
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a simple narrative poem of folk orgin
exposition
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background informations we need to make sense of an action like describtion of a setting or introduction of major characters
description
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careful detailing of a person, place, thing or event
masculine rhyme + example
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rhyme that ends with a stressed syllable, today sashay
feminine rhyme + example
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a rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, waken forsaken
ful (true, perfect) rhyme + example
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the stressed wovels and all following consonants are identical, chain brain
slant (imperfect, partial) rhyme + example
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either the wovel or the consonants of stressed syllable are identical, roaming coming
eye-rhyme + example
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words look like they should rhyme but they do not, sone none
end rhyme
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when words at the end of lines rhyme
internal rhyme
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when words rhyme within lines
prosody
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science of poetry's structure
rhythm
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combination of stressed and unstressed syllables
ceasura
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a pause within a line of poetry
end-stopped line
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a line that has a natural speech pause at the end
run-on line
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enjambment, a line that has no natural speech pause
rising meter
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metrical feet which move from unstressed to stressed sounds
falling meter
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metrical feet which move from stressed to unstressed sounds
iamb
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feet consists of an unstressed syllable and stressed syllable
trochee
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feet consists of a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable
anapest
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feet consist of 2 unstressed syllables and one stressed syllable
dactyl
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feet consists of one stressed syllable and two unstressed syllables
amphibrach
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feet consists of an unstressed syllable, a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable
peon
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feet consists of 2 unstressed syllables, one stressed syllable and one unstressed syllable
catalectic line
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metrically incomplite line of verse, lacking syllable at the end
spondee
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a metrical feet consisting of two short or two stressed syllables
pyrhic
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a metrical feet consisting of two short or anstressed syllables
tropes + example
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figures of thought, metaphor
rhetorical figures + example
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figures of speech, zeugma
conotations
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meanings associated with the word beyond its dictionary meaning
denotation
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a dictionary meaning of a word
irony
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a technique of indicating something by using words of opposit meanings
naive hero
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a protagonist, usually a narrator, who misinterprates events for ironic sometimes humorous purposes
symbolism, symbol
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something that beyond its dictionary suggests something else, represents abstract idea
conventional symbol
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symbol that is widely recognize and understood
allegory + example
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a story with literal and symbolic meaning, Animal Farm
fable
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a brief story that points to a moral, hilights human's fails, satyrical in tone
beast fable
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a fable with animals as characters
epigram + example
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a short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation, speech is silver but silence is gold
parable + example
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a short allegorical story that ilustrates or teaches some truth, religious principle or moral lesson, in bible
exemplum + example
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a short tale used as an example to ilustrate a moral poit, The Pardoner's Tale
tale
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a story that narrates strange happenings in direct manner
plot
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events that make up a story
climax
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moment of greatest action
structure
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designe or form of the completed action
major character
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an important figure at the center of a story's action or theme
dynamic character
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a character that exhibits some kind of change
static character
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a character that is unchanging
omniscient narrator
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all knowing narrator
limited omniscient point of view
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a narrator's knowledge is limited to only one character
monologue
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a speech by one character adrresd to a silent or absent listiner
round character
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shows many different faces, presented with depth and detales
flat character
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a character that has one outstanding set of features
protagonist
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major character with whom we sympathize
antagonist
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a character that is in conflict with protagonist
reliable narrator
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convinces readers that he reporting events, actions etc accurately and without prejudice
unreliable narrator
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raises suspicions that he or she reporting events, actions etc inacuratelly
objective narrator
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like camera, can't look into character's minds
tone
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author's attitude towards the characters or story
open form
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form used in poems that don't follow established patters for lines, stanzas or rhymes
couplet
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to rhyming lines of poetry
oxymoron
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a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms
iambic pentameter
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an unstressed syllable followed by stressed syllable, has five foot
english sonnet
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14 lines divided into 3 quatrains and a couplet at the end
italian sonnet
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14 lines divided into octave (8lines) and a sestes (6 lines)
foil
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a character that contrasts to another character in order to higlights some features
literature
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writings kept alive by their beauty, style or thoughts
genre
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a type of writing of literature
types of literature
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prose, poetry, drama
extended metaphor
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a long, extended comparison of two things, homeric comparison
blank verse
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unrhymed iambic pentameter
mimesis
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shows story
digesis
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tells story

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