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spørsmålet		svaret
konsumpcja begynn å lære		consumption or consuming
oszczędność begynn å lære		saving
inwestycja lub inwestowanie begynn å lære		investment or investing
the total market value of all the goods and services produced in a country during a given period begynn å lære		gross domestic product (GDP)
GDP plus income from foreign investments begynn å lære		gross national product (GNP)
to hire a new worker begynn å lære		take on
zwolnić begynn å lære		lay off
production begynn å lære		output
a period during which economy is expanding begynn å lære		upturn/upswing (lasts several years - ECONOMIC BOOM)
reach a its highest point begynn å lære		reach a peak
downturn/downswing/period of contraction begynn å lære		downturn that lasts >6 months is called recession; big downswing or one that lasts long = depression or a slump)
the lowest point of the business cycle (economic activity is at its lowest) begynn å lære		trough
kredyt hipoteczny begynn å lære		mortgage
na ogół być begynn å lære		to tend to be
popyt/żądanie begynn å lære		demand
skurczyć gospodarkę begynn å lære		make the economy contract
pobudzić gospodarkę begynn å lære		boost or stimulate economy
wydatek begynn å lære		expenditure
zwiększyć podaż pieniądza begynn å lære		to increase money supply
przewyższać begynn å lære		to exceed
dotrzeć do dołka/dna begynn å lære		reach a trough/bottom out
reduced spending; increased taxation; higher interest rates (after alection; political business cycle) begynn å lære		policy of austerity
zatrudniać, rekrutować, mianować, zatrudniać, angażować begynn å lære		hire, recruit, appoint, employ, engage
zwolnić, zwolnić, zwolnić, zwolnić, zwolnić, powiadomić begynn å lære		fire, let go, make redundant, dismiss, sack, give notice to
relating to government revenues (przychody) and expenditures begynn å lære		fiscal policy
economy expanding too quickly (demand>supply) begynn å lære		to overheat
pracować na pełnych obrotach zdolności produkcyjnej begynn å lære		to work a full capacity
that cannot be continued or maintained in the long term begynn å lære		unsustainable investments
bezpośrednie lub pośrednie stawki podatkowe begynn å lære		direct or indirect tax rates
changing interest rates and the level of money supply begynn å lære		monetary policy
to counteract the business cycle by way of governmental intervention in the econ begynn å lære		Keynesianism
przeciwnie/ na odwrót begynn å lære		on the contrary
portion of the economy composed of all level of governments and governments controlled enterprises begynn å lære		public sector
osłabić, zmniejszyć begynn å lære		to diminish
sektor prywatny begynn å lære		private sector
moving in the opposite direction to the current state begynn å lære		countercyclical fiscal policies
zaledwie begynn å lære		merely
sharp increase in high-risk mortgagaes that went into default (nieuiszczenie należności) begynn å lære		subprime crisis (meltdown)
make/get bigger begynn å lære		boost, expand, grow, increase, inflate, raise, rise
make/get smaller begynn å lære		cut, decrease, fall, lower, reduce
stymulować / pobudzać begynn å lære		to stimulate
uspokoić się begynn å lære		to cool down
kryzys, zastój begynn å lære		slump
program oszczędnościowy begynn å lære		austerity program
shocks like wars begynn å lære		black swans
everyone (even not creditable ones) has credit begynn å lære		overexpansion of credit
few people have access to credit begynn å lære		credit crunch
papiery wartościowe begynn å lære		securities/utilities
akcje begynn å lære		bonds
prices are expected to fall begynn å lære		a bull (bullish)
prices are expected to rise begynn å lære		a bear (bearish)
investors who buy when the share price is lower than company is really worth begynn å lære		value investors
cykliczny begynn å lære		cyclical
stały, ciągły begynn å lære		steady
nagle begynn å lære		abruptly
przerwane przez begynn å lære		punctuated by
peaks and troughs begynn å lære		up and downs
wariacje, odmiany begynn å lære		variations
samonapędzające się procesy niezrównażowego wzrostu/ spadku cens begynn å lære		speculative bubbles
zamieszania polityczne begynn å lære		political upheavals
nieuniknione begynn å lære		inevitable
głównie, w zasadzie begynn å lære		principally
mądrzy inwestorzy begynn å lære		wise investors

the business cycle

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