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spørsmålet		svaret
translation procedures begynn å lære		Vinay & Darbelnet
Translation Semiotics begynn å lære		de Saussure
Translation Shift begynn å lære		Catford
Minimax begynn å lære		Lévy
Laws of Translation begynn å lære		Toury
(Procedure 1) Borrowing begynn å lære		A word taken with its meaning from SL
(Procedure 2) Calque begynn å lære		translating an expression, with each element trnsld directly into TL, introducing new structures
(Procedure 3) Literal translation begynn å lære		Word for word
(Procedure 4) Transposition begynn å lære		Changing word class while preserving meaning
(Procedure 5) Modulation begynn å lære		Change in form when literal is unfitting (strange)
(Procedure 6) Equivalence begynn å lære		change of style and structure, equivalent meaning
(Procedure 7) Adaptation begynn å lære		Extreme change when concept is foreign to TL
Cohesion begynn å lære		Relation between units
Coherence begynn å lære		Relation of meanings
Situationality begynn å lære		how utterances relate to situations
Informativity begynn å lære		How the text inform of its contents (markedness)
Intentionality begynn å lære		What is intended by the author
Acceptability begynn å lære		How well can the text be appreciated by an average reader
Intertextuality begynn å lære		How the text relates to other texts

Translation Theory