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the Marshal of the Senate
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wiceprezes rady ministrów begynn å lære
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(deputies are not bound by any instructions of their electorate)
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a two house legislative body
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a law-making body of government consisting of a single house
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proposed law
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This branch which enforces the law consists of the president, vice president and cabinet members. Duties include: the Armed Forces, federal budget, foreign policy, veto and approve laws.
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gwarant ciągłości władzy państwowej. begynn å lære
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the guarantor of the continuity of State authority
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mechanizmy gwarantujące zachowanie równowagi politycznej begynn å lære
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A system which prevents one branch of government from being more powerful than the other
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wybory powszechne, równe, bezpośrednie i w głosowaniu tajnym begynn å lære
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universal, equal and direct elections, conducted by secret ballot
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The offering, promising, giving, accepting, soliciting of an advantage asan inducement foran action which's illegal, unethicalor a breachoftrust. Inducementscan take the form ofgifts, loans, fees, rewards etc
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form of favouritism based on acquaintances and familiar relationships whereby someone in an official position uses their power to provide a job/favour to family member or friend, even though they dont deserve or have qualifications
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an unequal system of exchanging resources and favours based on an exploitative relationship between a wealthier or more powerful "patron" and a less wealthy and weaker "client"
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appeal to people that plays on their emotions and prejudices rather than on their rational side
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